Lesson Plan Math Class IX Ch-5 | Euclid's Geometry

E- LESSON PLAN   SUBJECT MATHEMATICS    CLASS IX

Lesson plan for math. class IX (Chapter 5) Introduction to Euclid's Geometry, cbse lesson plans for mathematics teachers,  Method to write lesson plan for maths class 9, lesson plan for maths class IX, lesson plan for maths teacher in B.Ed.

Board – CBSE	CLASS –IX	SUBJECT- MATHEMATICS
CHAPTER 5  :- Introduction to Euclid’s Geometry

TOPIC:-

Chapter:-  5 : Introduction to Euclid’s Geometry

DURATION:-  

This lesson is divided into Nine modules and it is completed in six class meetings.

PRE- REQUISITE KNOWLEDGE:-

Knowledge of simple geometric terms like line, line segment, circle, radius, angle etc.

TEACHING AIDS:- 

Green Board, Chalk,  Duster, Charts, smart board, projector and laptop  etc.

METHODOLOGY:- 

Demonstration and Lecture method

OBJECTIVES:-

• Euclid’s geometry

• Euclid’s axioms and postulates.

• Difference between axioms and postulates.

• Different forms of Euclid’s fifth postulate.

• Differentiate axioms and postulates and its applications in various  geometrical concepts

PROCEDURE :-

Teacher will ask the class about the meaning of word ‘geometry’. After getting the different answers from the class, Teacher himself explains its meaning and reason for its origination  step by step as follows.

S. No	Topic
1	Introduction: The word geometry comes from the Greek words ‘geo’ meaning the ‘earth’ and ‘metrein’ meaning  ‘to measure’ Geometry appears to have originated from the need for measuring land. Teacher will also explain how and why Egyptians developed number of geometric techniques and rules for constructions.
2	Introduction of mathematician “Euclid” Euclid was a teacher of Mathematics at Alexandria in Egypt during the period of 325 BC to 265 BC. He collected all the known work in Mathematics and arranged it in his famous treatise. This treatise is called " Elements". He divided the "Elements" into thirteen chapters, each called a book. These books influenced the whole world's understanding for geometry.
3	Consider the following three steps : solid….surfaces….lines…..points. In each step we lose one extension, called dimension. So a solid have three dimension, a surface have two dimension, a line have one dimension and a point have no dimension.
4	Euclid began his exposition by listing 23 definitions in Book I of the ‘Elements’. Few of them are as follows. 1. A point is that which has no part. 2. A line is breadth less length. 3. The ends of a line are points. 4. A surface is that which has length and breadth only.
5	EUCLID'S AXIOMS AND POSTULATES:- Euclid assumed certain properties, which were not to be proved. These assumptions are called the universal truths in Mathematics. He divided them into two types: axioms and postulates.
6	AXIOMS:-  Common notions in Mathematics which are specifically used throughout the whole Mathematics are called axioms. Some of the axioms are as follows. 1.) Things which are equal to the same things are equal to one another. 2.) If equals are added to equals, the wholes are equal. 3.) If equals are subtracted from equals, the remainders are equal. 4.) Things which  coincide with one another are equal to one another. 5) The whole is always greater than the part. 6.) Things which are double of the same things are equal to one another. 7.) Things which are halves of the same things are equal to one another.
7	POSTULATES:- Common notions in Mathematics which are specifically used in geometry are called postulates. Main postulates are as follows: 1.) A straight line may be drawn from any one point to any other point. 2.) A terminated line can be produced indefinitely. 3.)  A circle can be drawn with any centre and any radius. 4.) All right angles are equal to one another. 5.) If a straight line falling on two straight lines makes the interior angles on the same side of it taken together less than two right angles. Then the two straight lines , if produced indefinitely, meet on that side on which the sum of angles is less than two right angles.
8	Equivalent version of Euclid’s fifth Postulate Two distinct intersecting lines cannot be parallel to the same line. Or If two lines are intersected by a transversal then the lines are parallel if sum of the interior angles on the same side of transversal is equal to the two right angle.

EXPECTED OUTCOMES:-

After studying this lesson students will be able  to understand the term geometry and its origin. Students should know about the great Mathematician Euclid and his contributions in mathematics. Students should also know about the axioms and postulates of Euclid Geometry.

STUDENTS DELIVERABLES:-

Review questions given by the teacher. Students can prepare presentation on the Euclid’s axioms and postulates. Solve NCERT problems with examples.

EXTENDED LEARNING:-

Students can extend their learning by studying basic concepts and formulas of mathematics through the Resource Centre Mathematics and can find interesting topics on mathematics at the site  https://www.cbsemathematics.com/

ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES:- 

At the end of the lesson a Class Test will be taken.

Re-test(s) will be conducted on the basis of the performance of the students in the test.

Worksheets and assignments should be given to the students.

Arrangement should be made for the oral test or quiz competitions.

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